Discrimination Against the Deaf Culture Essay -- Discrimination Again

The deafen community does not see their sense of hearing impairment as a disability but as a culture which includes a history of discrimination, racial prejudice, and segregation. According to an online transcript,Through Deaf Eyes (Weta and Florentine films/Hott productions Inc., 2007) there atomic number 18 thirty-five million Americans that are hard of hearing. Out of the thirty-five million an estimated 300,000 people are completely deaf. There are ninety percent of deaf people who have hearing parents (Halpern, C., 1996). Also, most deaf parents have hearing children. With this being the exemplification, deaf people communicate on a more intimate and significant level with hearing people all their lives. Deaf people can be found in every ethnic group, every region, and every economic class (Weta and Florentine films/Hott productions Inc., 2007). The deaf culture and hard of hearing have plenty of arguments and divisions with living in a hearing world without sound however, that absence will be a starting point of an identity within their culture as well as the hearing culture (Weta and Florentine films/Hott productions Inc., 2007).In todays times, it is possible for a deaf family to characterize themselves as an all American family. For many centuries hearing people classified deafness as a horrendous misfortune. As account by a historian at the University of Iowa, Doug Baynton, in the early 1800s most of the deaf people in America lived in segregated rural areas from ace another, and with little confabulation with the people around them. They also had a limited understanding of what they could do of their own possibilities. People with deaf children really had no nous of what their children could achieve (Baynton, D., 2007).There... ...eline of hearing devices and early Deaf education Fact sheet. Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO AuthorGallaudet University. (1997). Public relations Gallaudet University The beginnings. Gal laudet University, 1-17. Retrieved from http//pr.gallaudet.edu/ Halpern, C. (1996). Halpern Listening in on deaf culture. University of Colorado Journals, 1-6. (Original work published 1995). Retrieved from http//www.colorado.edu/ National Institute of Health. (2011). National Institute on Deafness and other communication disorders Improving the lives of people who have communication disorders. National Institute on Deafness and other communication disorders,2-2. Retrieved from http//www.nidcd.nih.gov/ (Weta and Florentine films/Hott productions Inc. (2007). Film transcript Through Deaf Eyes. PBS, 1-69. Retrieved from http//www.pbs.org/

the 5 pillars of islam Essay -- essays research papers

Five Pillars of IslamIn order to follow the right path in the Islam religion its followers, Muslims, are required to physical exertion its flipper pillars, or duties. Each of these duties is mentioned in the Quran however, scholars have found a more detailed explanation in the Hadith. The five pillars are uttering the Shahada, prayer, zakat, participating in the fast, and a pilgrimage to Mecca. The first of the five duties is uttering the Shahada, a joint that declares the faith of the follower. The phrase is, There is no god but God and Muhammad is His messenger. This phrase is used in the daily life of Islams followers, because this phrase illustrates the central beliefs in the Islam faith. The second ritual duty is prayer. Muslims are obligated to pray five times each day. The prayer sessions must take place at designated times of the day and following the proper procedures. These designated times are at dawn, midday, in the afternoon, during the evening, and at sunset. Before prayer begins Islams followers must cleanse themselves both physically and mentally to achieve the purity required to engage in prayer. Prayer also must follow a cycle. Takbir is the first step in the cycle. This step is the opening sutra which means that the follower says, Allahu akbar, which mean God is great. At this point the worshiper will perform four postures, standing, bowing, postrating, and sitting...

Sophocles Antigone - Antigone as Bad Citizen :: Antigone essays

Antig star The Bad Citizen Being a good citizen often involves doing something out of the ordinary to help others. Sometimes, that involves going against the will of others to do what the good citizen might think is best. Although this is traditionally the case, the biggest factor in being a good citizen is great respect for the nation in which one lives. If one wants to be a good citizen, he or she might go out of his or her way to help others, however, must do so at bottom the rules of the nation. In the Greek Drama by Sophocles, entitled Antigone, the hero, Antigone, shows, what I would call, bad citizenship. How is this? Why is she being a bad citizen? The setting of the drama is in a fictional kingdom known of as Thebes. This kingdom is basically run by a set of rules and laws. Whether they are necessary or not, these rules must be obeyed. In Thebes, one of the rules states that Antigones brother is not allowed to due a respectable death and therefor, will not have a proper funeral. Antigone is torn by by this. Her brother whom she loved very much(prenominal) will not be able to have a respectable funeral. She explains in the drama how much she disagrees with the rules of the land. Because of this disapproval toward the law, she takes it upon herself to remove the corps of her brother from its assigned post so she can do whatever she wants with it. She has broken the law. Although what she is has done is the right thing to do in her mind, the law states that it is not allowed. Throughout the drama, she consults her child, Ismene, about whether or not she feels though she should commit this crime or not. Ismene makes it clear that she should not and attempts to discourage her sister from doing what she did. Contrary to the advice of her sister, Antigone does indeed commit this crime for she feels that it is what a good person would do. To the average American, Antigones actions might be considered the right thing to do.

african american religious music Essay -- essays research papers fc

African American religious euphony is the foundation of all contemporary forms of so called black music. African American religious music has been a fundamental part of the black experience in this country. This common staple of the African American experience can be traced back to the cruel system of slavery. It then evolved into what we refer to today as credo music. The goal of this paper is to answer three main questions. What are the origins of African American religious music? How did this musical expression develop into a secular form of music? What is the future of African American religious music? These questions will be answered through factual research of African American traditions, artists, and various other sources.The origins of African American religious music are outright linked to the blackamoor spirituals of enslaved Africans. One cannot research religious music of blacks in this country without first exploring these spirituals. The spirituals were part of a r eligious expression that enslaved people employ to transcend the narrow limits and dehumanizing effects of slavery. It was through the performance of the spirituals that the individual and the community experienced their God, a God who affirmed their humanity in ways whites did not and a God who could set them free both spiritually and physically. These sacred songs were also used as secret communication. That is not to say that all spirituals functioned as coded protest songs or as some sort of secret language. The structure of the spirituals and the way in which they were created and performed allowed for flexibility in their function and meaning. The primary function of the Negro spirituals was to serve as communal song in a religious gathering, performed in a call and response pattern reminiscent of West African traditional religious practices. During these ceremonies, one person would begin to create a song by singing about his or her own sorrow or rejoicing. That individual experience was brought to the community and through the call and response structure of the singing, that individuals sorrow or joy became the sorrow or joy of the community. In this way, the spiritual became truly affirming, for it provided communal support for individual experiences. Slaves used the characters of the bible, particularly the Old Testament,... ...erself expanded gospels exposure when she appeared twice on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Meanwhile, television producer Bobby Jones reaches four and a half million viewers each week with his BET program, creed Explosion. However, the test for Gospel music reflects one that all Christian musicians must wrestle with Can Gospel continue to increase its fortune in the mainstream marketplace while tranquillize maintaining its spiritual base? Despite what you believe the answer to be, African American Religious music will continually evolve. Since Thomas Dorsey first stretched the boundaries to create gospel music, choirs, q uartets, and power vocalists have been singing the same song, albeit in different styles and places. As African American religious music continues to grow beyond even Dorseys expectations, one can only hope that it will be embraced regardless of how it is labeled by everyone who needs to be reminded of the good news it represents.Bibliography1. Score Magazine, may 2002 edition2. Gospel Today Magazine. August 2003.3. http//afgen.com/gospel4. http//www.americangospelquartet.org5. http//www.jcchorus.com/

Chine and Taiwan Crisis :: essays research papers

The Peoples Republic of mainland China has recently passed an anti-secession law aimed at the Republic of China whom they hush claim is a rogue province still under the law and subject to rule by Beijing. chinaware for years has walked a very fine line surrounded by enoughy breaking from China which it began after the Communist revolution shortly after World War II, and full independence which it has so sought for to a greater extent than a generation. With the possibility of chinaware seceding from China increasing the Chinese have been slowly backed into a very unfavorable position which could erupt into a regional conflict and perhaps even a nonher World War.     The Chinese have publicly stated that if the brass of Taiwan tries to pass a resolving of independence from the mainland, the Chinese government would be forced into a position where they would have to "rein in" the rogue province through military force. This has sink the stage for a accomplishable conflict which could intensify at a moments notice. Washington DC has stated that if any attacks are made by the mainland China on the ROC then the unite States of America go away assist in the defense of the Republic of China.I think this situation will stop at only words and not lead to an all-out attack by the PRC on the ROC. When the idea of a war between China and Taiwan is discussed it is inevitable that someone will quickly point out the fact that the PRC has the worlds largest standing army. This fact is not in contest however what is in deviation is the PRCs ability to effectively hit Taiwan with a military strike. Most of the PLA military are infantry with armored divisions world the next largest part of the PLA. This in and of itself presents a problem for the PRC when fighting the ROC, that problem How to get the troops from the PRC to the ROC through the Strait of Taiwan. The PLAs first and speedy option is an airborne ravishment dropping large a mounts of paratroopers on Taiwan to secure key institutions and airports so heavier charms with the armored divisions and land and supply the mass of the troops required for a full scale invasion. The problem with this plan is two-fold. First of all the Peoples Liberation Army Air Force has just two airborne Corps and roughly five-hundred transport aircraft which is not big enough to land enough troops on the ground to effectively seize every installation needed for a decisive victory immediately.Chine and Taiwan Crisis essays research papers The Peoples Republic of China has recently passed an anti-secession law aimed at the Republic of China whom they still claim is a rogue province still under the law and subject to rule by Beijing. Taiwan for years has walked a very fine line between fully breaking from China which it began after the Communist revolution shortly after World War II, and full independence which it has so sought for more than a generation. With the possibilit y of Taiwan seceding from China increasing the Chinese have been slowly backed into a very unfavorable position which could erupt into a regional conflict and perhaps even another World War.     The Chinese have publicly stated that if the government of Taiwan tries to pass a declaration of independence from the mainland, the Chinese government would be forced into a position where they would have to "rein in" the rogue province through military force. This has set the stage for a possible conflict which could intensify at a moments notice. Washington DC has stated that if any attacks are made by the PRC on the ROC then the United States of America will assist in the defense of the Republic of China.I think this situation will stop at only words and not lead to an all-out attack by the PRC on the ROC. When the idea of a war between China and Taiwan is discussed it is inevitable that someone will quickly point out the fact that the PRC has the worlds large st standing army. This fact is not in dispute however what is in dispute is the PRCs ability to effectively hit Taiwan with a military strike. Most of the PLA troops are infantry with armored divisions being the next largest part of the PLA. This in and of itself presents a problem for the PRC when fighting the ROC, that problem How to get the troops from the PRC to the ROC through the Strait of Taiwan. The PLAs first and quickest option is an airborne assault dropping large amounts of paratroopers on Taiwan to secure key installations and airports so heavier transports with the armored divisions and land and supply the mass of the troops required for a full scale invasion. The problem with this plan is two-fold. First of all the Peoples Liberation Army Air Force has just two Airborne Corps and roughly five-hundred transport aircraft which is not big enough to land enough troops on the ground to effectively seize every installation needed for a decisive victory immediately.

Chine and Taiwan Crisis :: essays research papers

The Peoples Republic of china has recently passed an anti-secession law aimed at the Republic of China whom they even claim is a rogue province still under the law and subject to rule by Beijing. mainland China for years has walked a very fine line surrounded by luxurianty breaking from China which it began after the Communist revolution shortly after World War II, and full independence which it has so sought for to a greater extent than a generation. With the possibility of chinaware seceding from China increasing the Chinese have been slowly backed into a very unfavorable position which could erupt into a regional conflict and possibly even a nonher World War.     The Chinese have publicly stated that if the governing of Taiwan tries to pass a contract of independence from the mainland, the Chinese government would be forced into a position where they would have to "rein in" the rogue province through military force. This has establish the stage for a realizable conflict which could intensify at a moments notice. Washington DC has stated that if any attacks are made by the chinaware on the ROC then the linked States of America impart assist in the defense of the Republic of China.I think this situation will stop at only words and not lead to an all-out attack by the PRC on the ROC. When the idea of a war between China and Taiwan is discussed it is inevitable that someone will quickly point out the fact that the PRC has the worlds largest standing army. This fact is not in divergence however what is in contention is the PRCs ability to effectively hit Taiwan with a military strike. Most of the PLA soldiery are infantry with armored divisions being the next largest part of the PLA. This in and of itself presents a problem for the PRC when fighting the ROC, that problem How to get the troops from the PRC to the ROC through the Strait of Taiwan. The PLAs first and quick option is an airborne misdemeanor dropping large amounts of paratroopers on Taiwan to secure key installations and airports so heavier packs with the armored divisions and land and supply the mass of the troops required for a full scale invasion. The problem with this plan is two-fold. First of all the Peoples Liberation Army Air Force has just two mobile Corps and roughly five-hundred transport aircraft which is not big enough to land enough troops on the ground to effectively seize every installation needed for a fatal victory immediately.Chine and Taiwan Crisis essays research papers The Peoples Republic of China has recently passed an anti-secession law aimed at the Republic of China whom they still claim is a rogue province still under the law and subject to rule by Beijing. Taiwan for years has walked a very fine line between fully breaking from China which it began after the Communist revolution shortly after World War II, and full independence which it has so sought for more than a generation. With the possibility of Taiwan seceding from China increasing the Chinese have been slowly backed into a very unfavorable position which could erupt into a regional conflict and perhaps even another World War.     The Chinese have publicly stated that if the government of Taiwan tries to pass a declaration of independence from the mainland, the Chinese government would be forced into a position where they would have to "rein in" the rogue province through military force. This has set the stage for a possible conflict which could intensify at a moments notice. Washington DC has stated that if any attacks are made by the PRC on the ROC then the United States of America will assist in the defense of the Republic of China.I think this situation will stop at only words and not lead to an all-out attack by the PRC on the ROC. When the idea of a war between China and Taiwan is discussed it is inevitable that someone will quickly point out the fact that the PRC has the worlds largest standing army. This fact is not in dispute however what is in dispute is the PRCs ability to effectively hit Taiwan with a military strike. Most of the PLA troops are infantry with armored divisions being the next largest part of the PLA. This in and of itself presents a problem for the PRC when fighting the ROC, that problem How to get the troops from the PRC to the ROC through the Strait of Taiwan. The PLAs first and quickest option is an airborne assault dropping large amounts of paratroopers on Taiwan to secure key installations and airports so heavier transports with the armored divisions and land and supply the mass of the troops required for a full scale invasion. The problem with this plan is two-fold. First of all the Peoples Liberation Army Air Force has just two Airborne Corps and roughly five-hundred transport aircraft which is not big enough to land enough troops on the ground to effectively seize every installation needed for a decisive victory immediately.

How Does Social Networking Affect People’s Lives? Essay

Social lucreing is quickly becoming more and more popular. I am going to investigate exactly how and why it influences mint lives. Im going to specifically look at antithetic develop groups and see if there is any pattern in their lifestyle. I leave find my information from books, articles, news stories, the internet and bulks experiences and opinions. I exit interview a whole range of people so I nates get more of a range of opinions from teenagers to OAPs to see if there is a general feeling for divers(prenominal) age groups. My es conjecture will address many questions such as be peoples opinions affected by their age? Does it influence peoples lives in different ways beca employment of their age? This topic interests me because it is becoming more and more popular with most peoples lives I hope to find out why so many people use it and the reasons for it.This is withal an interesting topic because it is currently in the news with bully stories and school grades decrea sing. My information will take on data tables, graphs etc. I will base my study on these resources to allow me to draw conclusions from this question. This will then lead to producing a presentation to a large group of people. I hope to gain an extra qualification to combine with my others to make me more of an all rounded student. It will also unwrap me well-nigh(a) experience of partaking in presentations to a be of people which would help me if I go to university. I also want to find out whether affable networking does influence peoples lives and how. The internet is a global network of computers that allow you to go on things equal complaisant networking sites, instant messaging sites, and factual sites and so on. The internet originally started with the name ARPAnet, it was created by the US government to use as a defence mechanism for the cold war in the 1960s.Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn developed TCP/IP, A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection (in 1974), to connect d ifferent networks. The internet was consequently a network of networks, although the lucre Protocol (IP) came to dominate networking. At the shutdown of 1969, there were only four computers on ARPAnet, and they were all at US universities. This grew to 5,000 internet hosts in 1986, after which the number of users grew rapidly into the millions and then hundreds of millions. Social networking is an online community of people with a common interest who use a Web site or other technologies to exit with each other and share information, resources, etc a business-oriented social network. A simpler definition is a web site or online service that facilitates this communication. This includes Facebook, Twitter and MySpace along with wads of others.Instant messaging is basically school text communication amid two or more people. This uses the internet and is present on most social networking sites. approximately common programmes include MSN, BBM and whats app. These both perplex the ir good and bad publicity. They let people communicate from around the world. On the other hand lots of cyber bullying stories are heavily linked to these serve. Blogging is a list of journal entries posted on a Web varlet. Anybody who knows how to create and publish a Web page can publish their own blog. Some Web hosts have made it even easier by creating an interface where users can simply type a text entry and hit publish to publish their blog.This is an old type of social networking that has got took over by popular sites like Facebook. Video conferencing is a conference between two or more participants at different sites by using computer networks to transmit audio and mental picture data. Each participant has a video camera, microphone, and speakers mounted on his or her computer. As the two participants speak to one another, their voices are carried over the network and delivered to the others speakers, and whatever images appear in front of the video camera appear in a win dow on the other participants monitor. Most popular programs utilize for this are Skype and imessenger. These services are present on Facebook via the messaging service.Advantages and DisadvantagesThere are many advantages and disadvantages about social networking. You can chat to your friends through the messaging services available on most sites. This makes it easier for people to communicate to people without costing any money through telephone calls or messages. This could range from friends in different countries, old school friends or family. However it does have its disadvantages like a lot of people tend to make fake accounts attempting to be someone else and end up being pedophiles. This can lead to people being harmed both physically and mentally which arent the reason why social networking has been made. It is usually utilize by teenagers that are taking part in important exams that could change the shape of their future lives.They use these services in their free time when some people say that they should be studying. People are always complaining that this leads to underachieving exam results which is a disadvantage and wasnt why social networking was made. It is the opinion of some people that social networking is leading to the percentage of young people becoming obese to rise. Theyre saying that the time that is spent on these sites could be used as exercise time rather than sitting down looking at the computer and eating or drinking while doing this. Social networking is cognize for its links to bullying and possible self-harming which in some cases has been suicide. This can be through the ease of free speech with most social networking sites through perspective updates, tweets and blogging.This makes it possible or anyone to see these things and be made aware of this. Bullying can also come from the messaging services available that allow you to honor anything to anyone youre friends with no restrictions on what you can write. On these sites whenever you want where you want. This is because you access these sites on your mobiles pretty much anywhere you go with the new mobile network technology. The technology allows you to access the sites through 3G and the new EE networking. These new technologies are very cost effective and affordable so this increases the amount of people that have these services available to them. These services have also been made very user friendly and easy to access. This make both social networking accessible to people that arent familiar with using computers.MobileThe growing ubiquity of cell phones, especially the rise of smartphones, has made social networking just a finger tiptoe away. Fully 40% of cell phone owners use a social networking site on their phone, and 28% do so on a regular(prenominal) daylight. Young people, blacks, Hispanics, the highly educated and those with a higher annual household income are more likely to use SNS on their phones than other groups.Social carr y onDo social networking sites isolate people and truncate their relationships? Or are there benefits associated with being connected to others in this way? In November 2010, we examined SNS in a survey that explored peoples overall social networks and how use of these technologies is related to trust, tolerance, social support, community, and political engagement, and found * Social networking sites are increasingly used to keep up with close social ties * The average user of a social networking site has more close ties and is half as likely to be socially isolated as the average American * Facebook users are more trusting than others* Facebook users have more close relationships * Internet users get more support from their social ties and Facebook users get the most support * Facebook users are much more politically engaged than most people * Facebook revives dormant relationships * MySpace users are more likely to be open to opposing points of viewDoes Social Networking make us m ore unsociable?There is an argument that social networking is making people more unsociable. This can make social time very unsociable as people are checking there Facebook, twitter accounts etc. to some people they think that it limits colloquy length and interest. This of course is an influence on peoples lives. Some people of course think its bad and some people like the fact.Does Age Matter?This leads me onto say that peoples age can affect the amount of time they go on social networking sites and how it influences them. The graphs above spread out this point as it clearly states that younger people tend to go on social networking sites than older people. This gives me an indication that it could make generations more unsociable than others. For precedent if there are less old people using social networking then there are no distractions when in sociable events. I also see this very often when I am at social events. As a teenager myself I see it a lot with my age group consta ntly looking at their phone to check for updates on these sites. This does lead to less sociable conversation as people dont spend as much time giving people eye contact and listening effectively.PoliticsSocial networking sites have become an important additive arena for politics. They are a resource for political news, information, finding likeminded issue-oriented people, and a tool for voter outreach in the run-up to elections. During the 2012 campaign season, Pew Internet released a number of reports on the role of social networking sites on elections and the political process.StatisticsA survey by SciJourner of 51 youth, ages 21 and under, finds that nearly a third say they are addicted to social networking, but only 8% of the teens and young adults surveyed feel that social networking affects their relationships with other people. The survey also showed that younger teens, ages 14 and 15, use the social networks Facebook and Bebo more than teens at the age of 17. Approximatel y equal number of males and female took the survey. Of those who responded, 37% are under 16. Most of the teens used Facebook, but 30% preferred Bebo and 20% were on both Bebo and Facebook. How much time are teens spending on social networks? For this survey we defined addicted as checking their Facebook or Bebo page more than 3 times a day. Around a third of the 51 teens fell into that category, spending 30 minutes to 5 hours per day on social networking. 1http//pewinternet.org/Commentary/2012/March/Pew-Internet-Social-Networking-full-detail.aspx 23/01/2013Bibliography1http//pewinternet.org/Commentary/2012/March/Pew-Internet-Social-Networking-fu

Edmunds Corugated Parts and Services Essay

There some issues that Edmunds Corrugated Parts and Services have face that has made it to be in the position that it is currently. Initi eachy, the company started with a problem of where to put up the industry. Otherwise, Larrys grandfather was there to offer a atomic number 5 where Larry would put up his starting line industry. The industry also had no money initially and therefore it had to start with loaned money from the grandfather (Stodghill, 2005). Through this, it made a break through with(predicate) to what seemed to be a dream at the first time to what it is currently.The company initially was not capable of employing many people as it had only one hundred employees who were mostly neighbors. Therefore, there were probably not professional. Nevertheless, they were termed as hard running(a) workers. After the industry grew, the company was suffering from the issue of substitute the current employees who at this time were skilled with the new ones ((Stodghill, 2005). T he reason being that they were loyal and they could not have left the company to search for a personal line of credit elsewhere as the rest young employees would do.The former(a) issue that the company is succumbing on is the issue of competition. Initially, the company had a market sh be of 75% only when lately, the market share has reduced significantly. This is due to the number of the company that has emerged manufacturing the same products. Otherwise, this has made it possible for the company to diversify their production. An example of the diversification that they have make is the production of the more flexible plastic films and reusable plastic containers. This has growingd the customer demands on their products.The industry also suffered an issue of the losing several industries especially in U.S due to the consolidation that was done by the paper industry. This has made the industry wipe out most of the industries that were served by Edmunds. The rest of the people wh o survived opened separate branches oversea as joint ventures. In addition, the few who were left were making high quality machines that were rarely breaking up making their customers stay for rattling long without going back to the company ((Stodghill, 2005). This made the business sales turnover to decline significantly with time. This made the company to be dislodged by other manufacturers through the production of domestic and export goods. This is the reason that had made the company currently to be in cross road.Strategy for addressing the company situation at handLooking at the situation that the company ids in at this time, it requires a strategy that go out ensure that it volition be revived therefore, through a strategic grooming, it is capable to ensure that the company is capable of returning the company back to the course of its business. Therefore, it is paramount to ensure that there is strategic focussing that will comprise three phases to ensure that the com pany is back on it course and ensure that it achieve its goals and objectives (Ansoff, 1965). These phases in the strategic management are diagnosis, formulation and implementation. This is required to be an ongoing process to a point where the company will be in a position to be revived.In the first phase, the diagnosis of the company environment is required through performing a situation analysis. This will ensure that the company current mission is identified and theorize strategic objectives are put in place to ensure that the current s8ituation of the company is solved. This will give results that will look at the major potentiality and weaknesses of the company. The analysis of the companys environment will look at the major opportunities and threat for example the ones that have made most of the company that Edmund was working to be taken and go over sea (Ansoff, 1965). Some great opportunities such making quality goods can be used to ensure that increase their market share as the customers will be royal to their service. This can be used t ensure that they still sell their goods at higher prices.The strategic management that is formed is required to formulate ways in which the recommendation will be offered. These recommendations are supposed to have supporting justifications that will revise the previous objectives of the company and ensure that the required strategies have been offered. These strategies should ensure the company regains it combative edge. This strategic management requires to be implemented through the resources that are available and it is required to be implemented in a period that is reasonable. The company management should ensure that the implementation of the strategy is cost effective, not degraded and acceptable by the entire stakeholder to ensure that the current situation is salvaged.The strategy that would be hardest to implementThe part that has been very hard according to the experience is the instalment of implemen ting the recommended change in the strategic plan. This is because it will require the management to fit the resources and the competencies and the opportunities that the company has in the market (Smit, 2000). It also requires fitting the recommended issues with risks and expectations.What makes this element of the strategy to be more complicated is the issue of making the stakeholders to unite and implement the put recommendation. This requires them to undergo training to ensure that they have what it takes to accept the changes that will be brought active by the changes that are there in the strategy.The implementation of the strategy is hard and risky if not well carried on. The reason being that if any hitch occurs in the process, all the resources that have been put in place will go to waste. It will be a waste of time and this may lead to pick out closure of the company.Strategies Edmunds could use in the future to reduce potential crisesThere are different methods that Edm und can use to ensure that the company is not multiform in the crises that it is in today. Nevertheless, most of them should be amalgamated to ensure that they offer the best results. The first strategy that the company is supposed to embrace is development of question department that will be looking at innovation of the company t ensure that it is at a competitive edge at all time.This department will be in constantly interact with it environment and bring around feedback that will ensure that the company is always competitive. The second strategy is ensuring training to its employees. This will ensure that they are always at per with the upcoming technology and this will ensure that the productivity level will increase. The training will always make the employee assimilate the innovation that the research department has brought about to ensure that the company is capable of competing appropriately.Finally, the company should ensure that they recruit employees who are competitive to ensure that they bring on board workers who are capable of rising upon all challenges. This will also make the company have innovative minds in their company who will ensure that they bring about changes.

Organizational Behavior – Eden Mccallum

1. If you were a partner at heaven McCallum what would you do grow or strike down? If I were a partner at Eden McCallum I would cut. Eden McCallum was started during a great time where they had a smooth market entry and a keen business strategy. While their business strategy is still working to their advantage, poor market conditions continue to exist and many of the firms clients ar starting to feel the frugal pressure. The firm has already faced increasing demands to cut fees. (Gardener & Eccles, 2009) This fact, coupled with the consultants fear of lack of security, indicates that Eden McCallum should get by making organizational shifts that would support the concerns of both parties. According to the firms corporate vision on repute, clients come first and consultants come second. (Gardener & Eccles, 2009) Eden McCallum should mold sure that they stay in line with their corporate vision when making considerations to cut. They should focus on cutting as many areas tha t do not straight affect the client and the consultant.I would recommend that they cut the part-time employees and the new staff members to start since it takes one to two years to learn the business. Another value of their corporate vision is to focus on the long term, and the short term will take care of itself. (Gardener & Eccles, 2009) Focusing on the long term for Eden McCallum would include keeping the Amsterdam office knowing that it is on the cusp of breaking even and knowing that if they did not they would be losing credibility within the market. (Gardener & Eccles, 2009) However, I believe that long term goals could hurt short term profits which will, in turn, hurt long term profits. According to the growth figures provided, Eden McCallum should sprightliness at reducing overhead and limiting the number of partners to reduce salaries paid. 2. At the outset of the depicted object, Advisory Board Member, Robert Harris, said, One rarely regrets cutting overly previous (predicate) or too deep. Do you agree with Harris? Why or why not? One rarely regrets cutting too early or too deep is interpreted as the better safe than sorry approach. I agree with Harris under the circumstances presented to us in this case that it would be better to play it safe with the financials of the company becoming fragile. The goal of the firm should be to minimize loss. In an uncertain marketplace where factors such as the possibility of a double-dip recession, the partners should consider making cuts sooner than later and in more depth to minimize the sting.To make cutbacks sooner may be resisted by some partners, however, Harris point is that the company wouldnt regret it because it did what was best for the company at that time. 3. Was the organizational mental synthesis at Eden McCallum appropriate? Do economic conditions factor into your answer? The organizational structure of Eden McCallum is appropriate for the size and type of organization it represented.Eden McCallum is a functional organization with its environmental change viewed as stable and its complexity as simple. Should environmental change be necessary, the simplicity of its structure will allow for a smoother implementation of the change. Its structure includes professional bureaucracy as clients have specialized needs and consultants offered specialized solutions due to the knowledge-based nature of their work.Eden McCallum has a cellular organizational form in that it the company itself is serves as a coordinator of the relationships between the clients and the business professionals known as consultants. Economic conditions are a factor because it could cause an organization to restructure itself as the supply and demand of the industry changes. Bibliography Gardener, H. K. , & Eccles, R. G. (2009). Eden McCallum A Network-Based Consulting Firm (A). Boston Harvard Business School Publishing.

Brand and Lifebuoy

Industry Overview The bar scoopful industry in India is highly orgai&ed with an annual growth rate of 13% and over RS 9,193 Crores in 2007. The industry is fragmented to a moderate extent with a few international players having large market shell out and few topical anaesthetic players occupying minor share. The largest companies in this segment are HUL, Wipro, Godrej, Nirma, and Reckitt Benkiser. The bath and shower proceedss form come out of this industry with a contribution of Rs 8,678 Crores1. The strap industry in India is classified ad into three categories based on the impairment output overviewLifebuoy is one of the oldest mark offs of gook bar that is market by the Unilever group. The original Lifebuoy was first produced in 1895 in the UK. though the gunk is no longer produced in the UK, it is still produced in many another(prenominal) countries around the world and is the market leader in in all(prenominal) Asian market that it is exchange. The brand name i s very popular among the boorish population with more than 50% of its sales in rural Asia. With a goal to admit afford open and tender hygienics and health solutions to everyone. Lifebuoy sponsors a Health Education Program in India and has reached more than 70 one thousand one thousand million bulk with this initiative.Marketing history of lifebuoy Lifebuoy was launched in India in 1935. Origin tout ensembley Lifebuoy was positioned as a virile soap with sports and fitness as the background theme in its advertisement. The epic 1992 football advertisement with the jingle Lifebuoy hai jahan, Tandurusthi hai wahan (Wherever Lifebuoy is, health is in that location) positioned it as virile soap. The soap contained carbolic acid which gave it its typical red color and odor. Lifebuoy went by means of a major brand repositioning in 2002 when it shed it masculine image and positioned itself as a family soap.The association swopd the colour, shape and odour of the soap to appeal to all members of the family. The company adopted a new jingle Koi Darr Nahin (No Fear)(sample adv) with ascorbic acid% protection against germs as the selling point. Today Lifebuoy is an umbrella brand for different products kindred Hand Sanitizer, body rinse off, bar soap, hand wash, Men body wash and Clear skin. For the rest of our report, we will only discuss Lifebuoy soap bar and its post 2002 trade dodge. Marketing Strategy The marketing strategy of Lifebuoy is closely think with its survey of fulfilling the intrinsic desire of everyone to be clean, active and healthy.Segmentation and Targeting The sectionalization strategy of Lifebuoy is focussed on price and health sentience. Since the vision of the brand is to provide hygiene to all classes of the society purchasing power of the consumer is a major factor. A few pointers towards it segmentation strategy * Geographic region are of no significance * Demographic characteristics like Age, Family size, Gender and Occup ation are not of any significance. * Lifestyle and persongty are of no significance Using the above information, the segmentation and stoogeing of Lifebuoy is given as below Geographic Tier 2 cities, Semi-Urban and rural areas Demographic Income group Middle class and lower middle class behavioral * Occasion Regular * Benefits carbon% germ protection A brief on Psychographic profile of the aim customer is given in the next section. w so, Lifebuoy rear ending strategy clearly falls in between selective specialization and full market coverage. Psvchographic Profiling of Target segment The target segment of Lifebuoy is the semi-urban and rural households. A brief Psychographics profiling is done for the consumers, not based on any scientific study but on intuitive thinking.Purchasing decisions In this segment, the purchasing decision in the household for soap bars, in most of the households, is typically taken by the women in the house. Hence we attempt to profile the psychogr aphics of women. Spending Habits The consumers in the segment are middle-income to lower middle-income group. The disposable of this group is meager . hence spending is mostly on barely necessities and on augmented products . Motive every(prenominal) human being, who is part of the society, has an intrinsic desire to be clean due to health and social acceptance reasons.The primary motive behind buying the product is to fulfil this desire i. e. , be healthy and socially acceptable. Media Reach The consumers in semi-urban areas nourish fairly vertical access to all sorts of promotional media like TV, newspaper, wireless and billboards. However a large portion of the target consumers are from rural areas which the reach of conventional media like television and newspaper is limited. Hence a smash stream of media has to be designed to reach out to the consumers to educate them on the benefits of using Lifebuoy. Activities and InterestsThe typical woman in the target segment would b e housewife. Hence the activities that she would be involved in are very few. Also they would in addition have very little interests outside of their household chores. The data below is close how women spend their time and what sort of things that they would be interested in. A few pointers have been made as to how marketers can use this information for efficient marketing. Family bring off The women in this segment are entrusted with the responsibility of taking care of the family members especially children.Hence this emotion of the women has to be exploited while making advertisements. Work A large number of women in this segment work in the unorganized domain as unskilled or semi-skilled labor to support their family. Since it is unorganized sector there is less emphasis on personal grooming and more on hygiene (matches with Lifebuoys value offering) Television A large number of the women in this target segment, especially in the semi-urban geographies have access to televis ion and soap operas are very popular with them. Hence most of the companies advertising home submits use time slot during the soap operas.Household chores Most of the women in this segment do the household chores including purchasing by themselves. Hence advertisements should be aimed at housewives directly. Financial planning The spending power of the people in this segment is very low and hence cost savings are given expiration brilliance. Hence to entice housewives the product price should be kept very low Opinions Here we try to delve into what kind of views the women have about(predicate) themselves and ring and how this views and opinions affect their buying pattern. 1.Health of the family is important than personal truelove. Hence women are more likely to buy a disinfectant soap than a beauty soap 2. Price can be low to a level where it meets the caliber threshold. Anything below this threshold deemed of low quality. Hence both price and quality are important but pric e is given high preference. 3. More for less is always better. A bundle pack that offer discounts is better than a single pack. 4. Big shops and supermarkets stock only costly products. Hence a typical woman would visit a shop at the end of her highway than visiting a supermarket.Hence companies should stock their products at every shop. 5)A brand that with high recall is of better quality than the one which is not. Hence brands should advertise to have a higher brand recall. Positioning Before evaluating the positioning strategy of Lifebuoy, it is important to assess the competitors and identify the factors that influence the purchase decisions of soaps. The main players that have evidentiary share in the segments Lifebuoy operates in are 1)Santoor Santoor is a sandalwood based beauty soap that is targeted at the woman and is the largest soap brand in South lndia. )Dettol Dettol is an disinfectant soap from Reckitt Benckiser that has closely followed Lifebuoy in price of produc t offering 3)No 1 Godrej No 1 is the most popular soap product from the Godrej house and is shortly the third largest selling soap in India and market leader in Delhi, Haryana and Himachal Pradeshvl 4) HUL Products Lifebuoy also competes with internally with other HUL products like Breeze and Rexona According to a books research published in the IUP Journal of Management, the factors and attributes that influence the consumer behaviour of buying soaps are )Packaging and Promotion Schemes 2)Composition Fragrance, Ingredients, Skin Type 3)Availability and cross out Recognition Additionally price and few functional attributes like hygiene and beauty have been considered. Since there is no data to draw quantitative perceptual/positional maps, we have evaluated the soap brands qualitatively based on the factors given above. Marketing Mix In this section, we try to evaluate how the STP strategy influences the marketing mix of Lifebuoy and how it provides Lifebuoy advantages over its co mpetitors ProductLifebuoy is a bar soap that is aimed as a family soap with health and hygiene as its selling proposition. The soap was originally positioned as a masculine soap with fitness and health as the value offering. In 2002, the product underwent a major change shedding it legacy shape, colour and fragrance to call for it more appealing to all members of the family. The product, since then, is positioned as family toilet soap with 100% protection from germs as it value proposition. As a product that is more than 100 years old and 75 years of presence in the Indian market, Lifebuoy is one of the most recognised products.Positioned as a family soap, Lifebuoy holds and advantage over its competitors as it appeal to all members of the family. This is really important as it fits well with the typical middle-class and lower-middle class households habit of using the same soap by all the members of the family. However, Lifebuoy fails to attract beauty conscious women in the famil y. Also, many of Lifebuoys competitors have products that have traditional ingredients (Sandalwood in Santoor and Godrej No. l) which Lifebuoy has not yet forayed into. PlaceLifebuoy is positioned as soap for the semi-urban and rural population. With over 70% of Indias population falling under this segment, it provides huge market potential for Lifebuoy. However catering to this segment brings logistical challenges. Lifebuoy enjoys a classifiable advantage over its competitors in this context as it is promoted by HUL, the largest non-tobacco FMCG Company in the country. Due to HULs widespread distribution network, Lifebuoy is virtually available at every POS. Hence Lifebuoy is able to capture close to one-fifth of the Indian soap industry.Though Lifebuoy is present even in the urban markets it is pushed to the backseat as the focus of the company is to sell its other soap products like Lux and Rexona. Price Lifebuoy is priced in the mid-level segment. The current price of Lifebuoy s oap is about Rs 14 for 100 grams. Lifebuoy is available in packs of various sizes (50gm, 75gm, 120 Gms, 4* 120gm family pack) and is affordable to people of all economic sectors. The competitors of Lifebuoy are priced slightly higher than Lifebuoy . The segment that Lifebuoy caters to is highly price sensitive and hence being priced lower than its competitors provides a distinctive advantage.Promotion Lifebuoy promotion by advertising is based on its slogan Koi Darr Nahin (no fear). Most of its advertisement focuses on cleanliness and hygiene as the central theme. The premise of most of its advertisement is about a child playing/working in dirt with his mom proclaiming Koi darr nahin to portray that there is no fear of infection as they use Dettol. Since, the primary target market of Lifebuoy is rural market which is not very educated about the benefits of Lifebuoy or cleanliness in general lifebuoy has taken the initiative of educating the customers.The initiative called Lifebuoy Swasthya Chetana is the largest rural health and hygiene education programme ever in India and has already reached 70 million people till date With an effective advertisement and CSR activities, Lifebuoy has been able to build up a formidable brand over its competitors. Competitive Strategy With about 18% of the total soap market share, Lifebuoy is definitely the market leader in this industry. The brand has been a pioneer in the mass rural marketing model and is also the price leader among its competitors. Let us at the various strategies that Lifebuoy follows to stay the top.Expand the total market Most of the customers in the target segment are not frequent users of soaps and use soap only for bathing purpose. Lifebuoy has made many steps in educating the customer on the importance of using soap at five key occasions Before Breakfast Before Lunch Before dinner During daily bath instantaneously after visiting the toilets Lifebuoy has been involved in many awareness programs which have been discussed in detail in the report. Through such initiatives Lifebuoy has been able to bring in new customers as well as increase the usage among existing customers. Defend Market ShareIn the recent years, due to the introduction of many competitors, the market share of Lifebuoy has been on the decline. To defend its market share Lifebuoy has slashed its prices further to gain over competitorsvl. The brand was also re-launched with an improved formulation that reduces treacle and signals better consumer valuelx. Lifebuoy also introduced many variants of its soap with natural ingredients to defend its position against natural soaps like Godrej No. l and Santoor. Expanding market size Rural segment, which forms the bulk of Lifebuoys consumer share, is heavily influenced by product availability while making their purchases.The disposable income in this segment is very less and hence consumers buy products as and when they need it and do not stock extra at home. Hence if the product is unavailable on the shelf, they would buy any other product. Lifebuoy (HUL) therefore undertook projects to enhance the rural supply chain by a network of sub-stockists and Project Shakti in partnership with the Self-Help Groups of rural women. These Self-Help Groups acted as direct-to-home dealers. In rural India, women are the catalyst of change and that is why Project Shakti kept women in focus.Project Shakti has proved to be a great marketing venture for Lifebuoy since it works in both terms which is promotion as well as a distribution network with social welfare benefits. Through such innovative campaigns, Lifebuoy is able to expand its share in the years following its repositioning. However in the recent years the market share has been declining. Building Brand Equity Lifebuoy has been in India for over 75 years. Since then the brand has been able to connect to the consumers at an emotional level and develop a brand loyalty.Today the brand is market leader in the soa p market with over 18% market share and has been repeatedly voted among the top ten most trusted brands in the country*. Though the brand had to undergo a re-positioning in 2002 and had to face a plethora of competitors, both external and internal to HUL, Lifebuoy has not only been able to survive but also emerge as the market leader. A few traits about brands have been given below. Brand Promise Lifebuoy promises to give 100% better protection from germs, which is repeatedly mentioned in its ads. The brand aims at providing health and hygiene to all members of the family by protecting from germs.The brand promise of Lifebuoy closely follows the mission of providing affordable hygiene to all the people of the world. Lifebuoy is the largest selling health soap in the world and has been proven to be effective against germs. Brand Archetvpe Lifebuoy should be regarded as the Caregiver as the vision of Lifebuoy closely matches the core desire of the Caregiver, to protect and care for ot hers. Lifebuoy has been involved in bringing awareness among its consumers in the importance of health and hygiene. Many of its social awareness programmes have already been discussed. Brand elementsIn this section we look at the brand elements of Lifebuoy and how each element helps in construct the brand equity Brand Name The name Lifebuoy is derived from lifebuoy which means* a life preserver in the form of a ring of buoyant material. The name is apt for the brand as it clearly conveys the message of health and hygiene and is as such a life saver. However in the Indian context, where most of the consumers in Lifebuoys target segment are not highly educated, the brand name which is in English has very little or no significance. Logo Lifebuoys logo consists of a Red cross with Lifebuoy written across it.Red Cross is usually associated with ambulance and hospitals and as such indicates good health and hygiene. The logo is also very everyday and hence is easily recognisable and rec allable, the two important characteristics that are necessary for any brand. The logo also means the same in all gloss/geographies and hence can be utilize across the globe. Particularly in the Indian context, the colour red signifies simplicity, purity and holiness and protector from evil liven which is evident from the fact that red is use in all auspicious ceremonies (bridal dress, thilak, sindhoor and so on . Hence it conveys the brand promise of Lifebuoy. Slogans/Jingle Over the years Lifebuoy has used many slogans/jingles that have helped it build its brand equity. The most popular of Lifebuoys jingle was the one launched in the 1992 football advertisement Thandurusti ki raksha karta hai lifebuoy, lifebuoy hai jahan tandurusti hai wahan meaning Lifebuoy protects good health, good health is where Lifebuoys is. The jingle is particularly famous because it was rhythmic and catchy. It is easily one of the most recallable jingles of all times.It also clearly conveyed the brand promise and hence was able to spread brand awareness among the consumers. In 2002, after the brand underwent a change, the jingle was changed to Koi Darr Nahin meaning No Fear. The new jingle portrayed that by using Lifebuoy, there was no fear of infections. Hence, Lifebuoy has, over the years, used slogans that are attention getting and communicating the prime benefit to the consumer. Packaging- Prior to 2002, Lifebuoy was sold in ordinary packaging and was red in color with a very strong smell due to the presence of carbolic acid.However, in 2002 the packaging was changed to necessitate the brand more appealing. The logo was modernized to match the contemporary standards. The shape of the bar was also changed from brick to a more contemporary one to match the standards snip by its competitors. The brand also focused on the rural consumers and introduced small sized packets at lesser prices to make it affordable. The following elements are not purely part of typical brand elemen ts. However, in Lifebuoys context they are significant in differentiating the brand from its competitors.They also fit in the three criteria of brand building as they are memorable, meaningful and likable. Characters- Traditionally, Lifebuoy has never used any celebrities or any characters in its advertisements. This was because the brand never wanted to position itself as bonus brand and hence the use of celebrity did not fit in well with its image. Since its repositioning in 2002, Lifebuoy ads have always been revolved around middle-aged woman (mother) and kids. Effective Marketing- Rural Marketing-Since its repositioning, Lifebuoys has focussed on the rural markets and built a strategy to spread brand awareness through TV and print media. It also launched Lifebuoy Swashthya Chetana, the first single largest rural health and hygiene educational program through which it has been able to reach 70 million people already. The campaign aimed at educating the community especially the c hildren about the necessity of basic hygiene in maintaining good health. Since most of the people in the target segment did not have access to print or TV media, Lifebuoy designed innovative methods to reach to them.It used innovative communication tools at melas, festivals etc. to spread awareness about hygiene and health by product demonstrations. These techniques were used in order to change the hand- wash drawing and bathing habits in rural India. For example, people in mela were asked to put their hands below a special camera where they could see the germs on their hands and were asked to wash their hands with Lifebuoy and see the difference. Hand-carts were also displayed at the companys stall for attracting more people. Lifebuoy tried to market the product not just at the point of sale but also at the point of consumption.Ideas like putting advertisement stickers on hand pumps, walls of the wells, putting tin plates on trees surrounding the pond were some of the innovative me dia utilised by Lifebuoy. Other media techniques used were shop-fronts and cinema van operations having films and audio cassettes with songs and dance sequences f)om popular films that comprised ads of HUL products during breaks. Through such innovative campaigns, Lifebuoy was able to reach out to customers who could not be reached through conventional media and was able to create a brand loyalty among the rural people. CSR workSince the launch, Lifebuoy has been involved in many health awareness programs. The brand pursues a social mission of bringing health to all the people around the world. Lifebuoy has launched Save the Children campaign to spread awareness about prevention of diarrhoea. The programs aims at promoting handwashing with soap as the most economical way of fighting diarrhoea It also conducts Global Hand washing Day, an event which aims at educating children about the importance of washing with soap and water. The event has been very popular and now holds the Guinne ss record of largest community hand wash event. Through Gurudwara, a promotional programme done with collaborationism with Gurudwaras (Sikh temples) Lifebuoy has been able to create awareness among the rural population of Punjab. Lifebuoy also launched The Lifebuoy way of life in Mumbai, a study aimed at understanding whether a bar soap when used as recommended for hand and body washing reduces diarrhoea and/or acute respiratory infections in the target population. Lifebuoy also launched Lifebuoy active involvement in health awareness programmes has helped it develop a brand loyalty and value above its competitors.

12 Angry Men Prejudice Essay Essay

What is Justice? Justice is a concept of moral rightness based on ethics rationality, law, religion or fairness, as well as taking into account the inborn rights of all human beings and citizens, the right of all people and individuals to equal protection before the law of their elegant rights, without discrimination. Justice is one of the great concerns of humankind. It is something for which people over centuries have been willing to struggle and even die.Examples of Justice are novels 12 Angry Men and The colour Mile. 2 Angry Men is a novel written by Reginald rose wine in 1955. The story takes place in 1957 in the control board-room of a youthful York Court of Law. It is about a young delinquent who is on trial for the murder of his aggressive farther. Eleven jurors are directed by the judge to profit on a hot afternoon to declare if there is any reasonable doubt as to why the boy is not guilty. One, even though far from convinced of the boys innocence, feels that some of t he evidence against him is ambiguous. By the end of the day that juror has reversed opinions of all eleven jurors.Prejudice in that respect are many significant views and values that Reginald Rose demonstrates in 12 Angry Men the most important one being that prejudice forever affects the truth and peoples judgement. As the jurors argue between themselves as to whether a young boy is guilty of stabbing his father it is shown that Its very hard to keep up personal prejudice out of a thing like this. This is most evident in the way juror 3 and juror 10 pursue to their decision that the young man is guilty as they bring in there prejudice against young people and people from the slums to make their judgement without considering the facts of the vitrine.Rose uses juror 8 who can see the whole trial because he is calm, reasonable and brings no prejudice as a prime example of what a juror is supposed to be like. Juror 10 is the character who brings in the most prejudice to the jury room as he has formed his decision from the moment he saw the young boy and sees no reason for him to waste any time debating on whether the defendant is guilty. His prejudice comes from the fact he used to live in the slums and consider people like the defendant to be trash.This is established when he states you cant believe a intelligence information they saythey act different they dont need any big excuse to kill someone. Juror 10 never really considers the facts of the case only using them as a pretext to vote guilty and to leave early. When he found it too difficult to change peoples opinions he simply gave up and voted not guilty. I couldnt care less. This shows just how little he cared for the defendants life and the jury system unlike juror 3 who deeply cared about the jury system and the case.

Conviction on Economic Stability Essay

One of the best renowned authors of the 21st Century, Adam Harmes a bring outside(prenominal) policy instructor bumped in an idea of analyzing the mishaps which is seemingly occurring in todays era. Upon producing the book The Return of the State, he cited numerous instances and reasons why the International condescension Propagandists must think of ways to expunge the ascending clash between the level of intervention implemented by the economic and political scheme, which he was fitting to sought as the primary problem on why the country has been departing from the reality of the immediate.Furthermore, he stated the major inevitable state of free-market trade mishaps are that by which denotes supreme power on America, which he, and Paul Martin believes as the root of in all fault and that America should not only swallow the benefit out of the concept of trade alone, but rather share the Supremacy along with the other developing states since that as for the moment, they are co nsidered as that which is vested with the pre-dominant influence over all the countries in UN and thus must make a move to improve the welfare of the general masses.He also mentioned numerous convictions on globalizations effect in the economic realm, Unitarianism in America, G-20 series as a cure to the rivalry in the economic basis and the expansion of the elite powers brook over those who need such (Harmes). Concluding the totality of the book, Harmes enthusiasm and devotion on racial and international equilibrium and social welfare serves him a slating on gaining the sympathy of those cosseting on prose historical books.In addition to that his arguments may have seemed opinionated in some certain circumstance, however, it illustrates the need of higher cause and thus giving the elites in the world of globalization a tickle in their higher sense of rationality that the world is but a meshing of inter-related active countries and such voices and needs must be well taken care of (Harmes). The Return of the State is grandeur of Harmes in uplifting the banner of secular humanism and concern for global economic stability. Reference Harmes, Adam. The Return of the State. Vancouver Douglas & McIntyre, 2004.

Racism: Communication and Robert B. Moore

Racism in the English Language Robert B. Moore 1) Explain why language is an integral part of any culture. Why is it serious to study language? Language is necessary to culture beca engross it shows an understanding that differentiates between other cultures. Language is vital for communication we are able to express our thoughts, ideas and especially because it is one of the main ways we feces communicate. 2) According to Moore, how do the symbolic meanings attached to whiteness and blackness affect beauty ideals in our society?Moore was express on the complete opposite meaning of black and white white symbolizes such as purity and positivity, while black symbolizes negativity and wickedness. The racism between the within the language affects the beauty ideals in society by stressing on which is more admirable, blondes with blue eyes or dusky. 3) Explain how the statement slaves were brought to the States is misleading and inaccurate?The statement is inaccurate because the Europ ean immigrants did not just bring them to America they destroyed the culture of many African tribes, separated families, sell them across vast areas in the Americas as if they were merchandise. 4) In your own words, describe what a loaded word is. What are some examples? When a simple call is said and it is blown out of proportion to evoke emotion. For example, if one is Filipino and called chink. Chink is a loaded word because its negatively used. 5) Explain how the casual use of the words gay and fag can influence our perceptions of the LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) familiarity.The casual use of the words stated may influence our perception of the sexually varying community by instigating hate with in us for someone being different. Violent words can force someone to feel fear, which in turn can cause a sexually different person to be scared of admitting their difference. Using such words will also influence our thoughts of such groups negatively as the usage of the words in todays culture is frowned upon due to it being offensive, even if one is not applicable to the term.

Reflection and Evaluation Essay

As resolve of the 7407 stage 1 course there is a requirement for several mathematical assorts of students to complete a little teaching seance, we would do the session in front of the other students who would provide the feedback for the session.There is no inquiry that immediate feedback is the most beneficial due to the work still being fresh in the pass of the student. Reece & Walker (2002 p470)ReflectionWe had initially planned to deliver the micro teach two weeks earlier provided one member of the group had a personal issue that forced the session to be decelerate by two weeks. Our group had a diverse knowledge pool, IT, Physical Education and Marketing and because of this mutation I initially thought that finding a subject for the micro teaching session would be hard but to my surprise we had discussed and agreed the subject and each persons involvement within thirty transactions. The micro teaching session would be based on the human heart with each member of the gr oup delivering a part of the session, my part would be to create the presentation materials using Microsoft PowerPoint, the marketing expert would bring up the session plan and handouts and the PE instructor would discuss the function of the human heart. Each individual in the group contributed to each part of the session (see lesson plan and scheme of work submitted with this document).Action PointsWe set up the resources and distributed the handouts, the session started with our marketing expert discussing the aims and objectives of the session, when she had finished it was my turn to read some interesting heart facts from a PowerPoint presentation, I chose to read these facts direct from the projected screen and because of this I could not face the class, I believe that this was a mistake and in future I will ensure that I read from printed material.After I had finished my interesting facts presentation the PE instructor completed her section which included explanations of the d ifferent aspects of the human heart, this was make using models and overhead projections, this section went particularly well and the students participated by asking questions, we had only allowed five minutes for this section but the amount of questions asked made the section overrun slightly. After this section was complete the students were presumptuousness a quiz sheet, the quiz was based on the delivered session and this would be used to check culture had taken place, this section was handled mainly by the marketing expert who read the questions and confirmed the answers at the end. general the micro teaching session went well and issues were identified immediately, the students performed well on the quiz and the overall feedback was good.BibliographyReece I & Walker S (2002) Teacher Training and Learning Fourth Edition Business Education Publishers Limited.

Descent from the Cross

In Rubens Descent from the Cross the element that makes the oil on read baroque in nature is that of the attention to detail. Rubens was contrary in his photo, which was a personal part of his art and not defined by the Baroque art period. His bodies in his paintings, though in action or even in repose were depicted although with muscles tone, the muscles seemed flaccid, as is the case in the above mentioned painting. The wounds of deliverer ar Baroque in their depiction beca usance it is the opposite of what previous artistic movements has foc utilise upon.There is the revelation of power in the gathering disciples and in the color palate being earthipulated in the painting the subtle tones and the attention to chiaroscuro is what entrusts the painting a very Rubenesque feel. The viewers attention again is draw towards the bodies albeit muscular, they are not present signs of organic structure fat, they are ameliorate in their grief, and in the area of opposites, this is w hat Rubens wanted to capture the perfect physical structure juxtaposed with very human emotions the god remains paired with humanity.In exact contrast to Rubens depiction of Christs flaccid yet toned body, Velazquez gives the viewer a Christ who hangs somber on the cross. His body is in classic Greek contrapposto his body is aligned in an S-curve. The starkness of the painting the black background, and the contact lens whiteness of Christs body adds to the power of the moment the messiah on the cross. Rubens painting was disorganized with colors, scarcely Velazquez shows restraint in this painting by allowing the moment, and the feeling transcend the painting, by toning down the colors. As opposed to Rubens Christ, Velazquez introduces the viewer to the bodies position on canvas.Rubens engaged different participants with Christs movement off the cross. Rubens has a akin(predicate) piece which is depicting Christ being hoisted upon the cross. Velazquez on the some otherwise hand shows Christ solitary in the painting he endures by himself, which is in itself a great contrast to the jumble of bodies prevalent in Rubens piece. Rubens as well as denoted a lot of muscle mass to Christ while Velazquez depicts his Christ more give care a younger, realistic man Velazquez makes his Christ human with human qualities and while Rubens portrays Christ bleeding the same(p) human sentiment is not shown.Velazquez shows Christ himself grieving on the cross instead of Rubens painting where everyone yet Christ is grieving and this is what makes Velazquezs Christ human. Titian portrays Magdalene in somber tones, that are prevalent throughout the high school Renaissance. The tones and colors used create a mood of reserved trepidation and the facial expression used is that of inquiry. This inquisitiveness is subtle in Titians art, but in certain facial expressions and through the use of color, the look of the characters becomes sometimes inquisitive, royal, or even pens ive. The dark yet vibrant colors employed by Titian exhibit a dreamlike state.The bodies contrapositions to one another(prenominal) serve to pair them, or in other Titian art, the sole character has body movements that puzzle together. What is typical in a Titian painting and Christ be to the Magdalene is not exception, is the muted colors. The Rubens painting The facelift of the Cross is similar in fashion to Titians portrayal. both(prenominal) use excellent color combinations to enhance the shadows in the paintings. The highlights on Christs body in Rubens painting is simply astonishing. The rest of the figures are clad in shadow, especially their faces.The curious counterpoint to this technique is that Titian uses shadow just as eloquently but with different results. Rubens shadows implore the viewer to judge the paintings, the rake the highlighted figure and question why the other figures are caste in shadow. Titians painting also begs the question of the shadows but his po int is more clearly made shadow is consistent with grief. If the viewer takes another glance of Rubens painting they will see that the shadowy figures faces are looking away from Christ in shame while one stares straight at him with wide-struck eyes as if not only in disbelief but in fear.Rubens was unique in incorporating foreground activity in his paintings. In The Raising of the Cross, there a dog in the foreground interested in the human activity (also, dogs are synonymous with loyalty albeit, Rubens wanted to incorporate that idea with Christ). Rubens liked to have the human body in action in a specific setting, as has been the case for the previously analyzed Rubens painting. Rubens painting had an Italian influence with the male body. Just as Michelangelo depicted the male body in supreme subject of humanity based after the Greek forms, so did Rubens want Christ to resemble those same perfected bodies.Titians painting does not do this, but instead, like Velazquez focuses on Christs humanity. Rubens had elements of other artists involved with his paintings such as the Caravaggio technique with light, making Christ the holder and light attraction in the paintings, highlighting his person and shadowing the rest. Also, the painting is a hubbub of activity which is reminiscent of Tintorettos work canvases. The bodys of Rubens artwork seem to be bursting from the canvas, not only because of their muscle mass but the activity they are accomplishing and the fact that Rubens did not allow the edge of the canvas to dictate the end of action.One mans body is cut off, lost to the edge of the canvas just as on the other side another man is constructed in similar fashion. This is not seen with Titian, even though he takes the body in asymmetric alignment with other points on the canvas. Rubens focuses his bodies in a diagonal axis in order to distribute action throughout the canvas. This is another point where Titian is different his action does not give way for di agonals. Works Cited Sporre, Dennis. (2008). The Creative Impulse An Introduction to the Arts. 8th edition. Prentice Hall.

How Does Architecture Create Memories?

Memory AND ARCHITECTUREHow does architecture make memories? Should it non be the most of import undertaking of it beyond signifier and map?IntroductionArchitects from rather some snip off have started speaking about devising a maven of a de boundaryine by supplying an environment which is experiential and has a common sense of belonging.Sense of a topographic bill goes manus in manus with making memories ( Lehmon, 2008-2010 ) as written by Maria Lerena Lehmon in her article sensing architecture . Further lucubrating on the down she says our computer retentiveness of government issues may depend upon a strong sense of topographic detail, and by extension, our sense of topographic aim may be influenced by the unity of memories formed at that place.The depot of an point or a occurrence ever has a environing downplay or a physical built roughly it. If this background has a peculiar(a) character or a sense attached to it so it helps the warehousing board of that gist/e xperience grow stronger. The term physical background is non limited to the difficult physical stuffs used only at any rate to the infinites they generate and the manner our senses respond towards these assorted elements and the manner these stuffs and infinites alter and determine our centripetal perceptual experience.Why is it easier to echo veritable paths as comp ard to the others, is it because they have less figure of bends or is it further because one can tie in with them more easy?I live in Jasola Vihar in New Delhi and why is it so that every clip I guide person to my place I end up stating them that I stay in the grey DDA flats near Appolo Hospital ?Its an ignored attempt of making a sense of association with the milieus, be it a land grade or a curious character of a topographic point ( sense of a topographic point ) .It is now in the universe of globalization that we, in the name of braking boundaries have decided to wholeow pass of our individualities as candid .With the planetary architecture picking up its gait it is going hard to separate among topographic points and hence the formation of a strong association and an irremovable holding of topographic point is being put at serious hazard.hither is an illustration of Tokyo ( left ) and Chicago ( rectify ) , two seat of governments from the opposite corners of the universe even difficult to separate.Fig. 1 Fig. 2( Anon. , 2014 ) ( Anon. , 2014 )Here is another illustrations of Venice ( left ) and Banaras ( right ) , two metropoliss holding certain characteristics in common just now yet they stand with independent individualities and honest to the memories and associations attached to them.Fig. 3 Fig. 4( ( ALAMY, 2014 ) ) ( Sharma, 2010 )NEED IDENTIFICATIONHuman memory has been the reply bank to some basic inquiry related to our being every bit good as to some complex inquiries related to our journey by dint of ages. Memory has ever been of import in the universe of treatments non alone because it is the record keeper of events but besides because it is a supplier of individuality. It is our memory that tells us where we belong and where we come from.Architecture on the other manus has ever been one of the strongest defenders and projectors of a certain individuality ( belonging to a certain clip and topographic point ) . Therefore this survey is meant to place and convey out the elements of the built that truly formulate a certain association and a sense of perceptual experience amongst the experiencers, taking us to admit the strength of architecture in lasting beyond signifier and map and arousing our centripetal perceptual experiences for supplying us with a memory of the self . background knowledgeThe survey sh both cover the usage of the centripetal variety meats in the apprehension of different infinites twain at the colony degree and at single infinite degree.It shall be a comparative survey amongst different places/spaces on the personal intervi ew footing sing topographic points in India.RestrictionMemories of topographic point are normally subjected to personal perceptual experiences and readings and hence to generalize a decision is in uncertainty. A figure personal interviews will be the best possible agencies to average out a sense of a topographic point and to enter how certain characters of the same(p) topographic point are in common in the memories of different people.MethodologyThe bing literature predominating on memory and architecture shall be identified, gathered and reviewed. The reappraisal shall with an armory of theories and thoughts that have been contemplated on the topic in the yesteryear. The survey shall so be applied to the Indian context.The acquired cognition with the literature study shall be used to place peculiar vitrines in India taking an illustration of an old town of Bilgram and the metropolitan Delhi. A close survey of both the colony shall be done at the macro and micro degree saying illu strations that can understandably reflect the theories derived from the literature study. The instance surveies shall so be closely looked upon and scrutinised and be written about.Finally the subject of memory and architecture shall be discussed with a practicing designer and his/her positions shall be acknowledged and documented. All consequences learnt shall so be compiled with a successful crusade to deduce to a decision in the terminal.HUMAN MEMORY AND ITS ship canalWHAT IS MEMORY?The mental module entering the past experiences establish on the mental social function of acquisition, retaining and store ( Oxford lexicon ) . But is this it?Let us get down with a brief apprehension of the types of memories that exist and the procedure of their formation.Fig. 5 ( mastin, 2010 )What we by and large perceive as memory in our twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours lives is really the long term memory but there besides exist the centripetal memory and the short-circuit term memory, which normally go unnoticed by us in the haste of our mundane lives.every event/incidence goes through a enrollment procedure in our sensory and short term memory foremost, before being stored for good in our long term memory. Therefore the stronger the impact of an event on our sensory and short term memory the better are the opportunities of that event being remembered for a life time .SENSORY MEMORYCentripetal memory is what we relate to perception in an instance . It is the shortest signifier of memory generated at a automatic rate through any of our five senses of odor, sight, hearing, gustatory sensation and touch. The clip span of such memory is non more than 300-500 msecs and upper limit to a second ( rare instances ) and therefore it is more of an inherent aptitude based memory. Our brain is trained to register merely a selected portion of the information which has the opportunities of being utile in future and therefore most of the clip our centripetal memory goes live. For an event or an experience to hold an impact on our memory at the sensory ( instantaneous ) gait it needs to hold a really strong contact with our each of our five senses. ( mastin, 2010 )Like for illustration when you do a trek to Kheerganga through those thick woods and the loopy slippery Shivalik mountains of Himachal Pradesh you can neer think what will come next and so all of a sudden you enter into this huge vacant vale perfectly untasted and pure, surrounded with immense mountains all about and you stand in the in-between lick a pinpoint of dust.Or when in the metropolis of Ajmer, you decide to go all the manner up to the Taragarh garrison, off from the pandemonium and the hustle hustle of the metropolis. You micturate the top and so you look back, down onto all the flashing visible radiations and a immense wind ( the lake ) amongst them, the contrast and the astonishment, can non be ignored.Or when you enter the construction of the National Institute Design ( Ahmedab ad ) through its low tallness reception/gallery/display country and you all of a sudden pop off yourself into this immense courtyard where the edifice merely opens itself to you, the courtyard filled with cold visible radiation and a immense tree turning right in the center of it.Or for that affair the same edifice pull offing to keep the sensitiveness towards the natural environment to an tip that we can happen extraterrestrial being birds like Inachis ios rolling in the campus like pigeons in Delhi.Such experiential topographic points do non necessitate a long procedure of recollection and acquaintance to develop an association and a immutable topographic point in 1s memories. These brushs generate a sudden daze, opening themselves as a wonder box and acquire absorbed by 1s centripetal perceptual experience, immediately lodging to his/her memory.But the lying-in of such a memory is that it can merely be generated with a first-hand experience as it requires the reply of our senses in the purest signifier which can merely be generated when we ourselves are physically involved in the event ( shabeeb, 2014 )Short-run MEMORY ( WORKING MEMORY )The following phase of our memory procedure is the short-run memory or the on the job memory, on the job(p) on the footing of impermanent callback.It is the memory formation working analogue with the apprehension of the event. We can take reading as an illustration. When we read, in order to understand the article of faith we are reading we need to retrieve the old sentence we merely read. Brain is fundamentally memory board the prequel and understanding the subsequence at the same clip, but the encephalon can be forced to flip the sentences to the slot for long term memory be insistent readings or by calculated effort to consciously retrieve the reading through c erstwhilentration and apprehension. ( mastin, 2010 )This is how our encephalon processes pilotage, be it through pages or through roads.So why is it tha t we remember certain paths clearly and be given to bury certain once more and once more?There can be two replies to this inquiryEither we travel a certain path more often so the repeat or the timely reoccurrence of the same event makes it stick to our long term memory.Or while going through certain paths we attestant such landmarks which merely can non travel unnoticed and they at the same time form a mental map of our path.Metro Stationss in Delhi are a perfect illustration of this. They non merely go the users of the tube but besides end up steering many going on the roads. The chop off to Preet Vihar where my uncle corsets is right opposite the pillar figure 100 of Anand Vihar metro line. Now how do I retrieve this? Equally shortly as I made the bend into Preet Vihar through that dense, confounding route of Anad Vihar my encephalon tried to at the same time remember the most high and the closest thing around which my sense of sight absorbed. The pillar figure 100, written with black in a xanthous mess on a gray concrete pillar.Long-run MemoryLong-run memory is, evidently plenty, intend for storage of information over a long period of clip. Despite our mundane feelings of forgetting, it seems likely that long-run memory really decays really small over clip, and can hive away a simply limitless sum of information about indefinitely. Indeed, there is some argument as to whether we really of all time forget anything at all, or whether it merely becomes progressively hard to entree or find certain points from memory.Short-run memories can go long-run memory through the procedure of consolidation, affecting change run and meaningful association. Unlike short-run memory ( which relies largely on an acoustic, and to a lesser extent a ocular, codification for hive awaying information ) , long-run memory encodes information for storage semantically ( i.e. based on significance and association ) . However, there is besides some grounds that long-run memory doe s besides encode to some extent by sound. For illustration, when we can non quite retrieve a word but it is on the tip of the tongue , this is normally based on the sound of a word, non its significance.Long-run memory is frequently divided into two farther chief types explicit ( or indicative mood ) memory and implicit ( or procedural ) memory.Declarative memory ( knowing what ) is memory of facts and events, and refers to those memories that can be consciously recalled ( or declared ) . It is sometimes called denotative memory, since it consists of information that is explicitly stored and retrieved, although it is more decently a subset of expressed memory. Declarative memory can be farther sub-divided into episodic memory and semantic memory.Procedural memory ( knowing how ) is the unconscious memory of accomplishments and how to make things, peculiarly the usage of objects or motions of the organic structure, such as binding a shoe lace, playing a guitar or siting a motorcyc le. These memories are typically acquired through repeat and pattern, and are composed of automatic sensorimotor behavior that are so profoundly enter that we are no longer cognizant of them. Once learned, these organic structure memories allow us to institutionalize out ordinary motor actions more or less automatically. Procedural memory is sometimes referred to as inexplicit memory, because old experiences assistance in the public presentation of a undertaking without explicit and cognisant consciousness of these old experiences, although it is more decently a subset of inexplicit memory.1Page

Hiring a Plant Manager

A make up omnibus oversees all daily operations of a plant. He often is in charge of everything from action and manufacturing to making sure policies and procedures atomic number 18 followed in all departments. Supervising and motivating staff members generally are major parts of the telephone line as well. The plants physical operations generally are the main responsibility of the plant manager. He is required to confirm a clean plant ingenuous of safety or health c at a timerns.The production equipment and machinery should be meticulously cared for to avoid lapses in the manufacturing process and to experience quality control standards are upheld. The manager of the plant may too be required to always monitor workers to spot any procedural infractions and correct them in a timely manner. In auxiliary to managing daily plant functions, the manager may be responsible for creating and following a budget and preparing moolah and loss projections.This requires proficiency i n math and skills in creating reports and spreadsheets utilizing commercially produced and in-house software programs. The ability to interpret reports and statistics from away agencies is also an important skill needed by a plant manager. Having a trustworthy and fitting administrative staff in place helps the manager run a productive and profitable facility. From the military man resources manager to the person in charge of ordering raw materials for production, the excellence of the supervisorial staffs exertion is often imperative to the overall success of the plant.The plant manager generally relies on these staff members to maintain good employee relations, quality control standards and meet production deadlines. The plant manager also may construe departmental meetings to personally address and resolve problems. Making sure his plant has a positive word picture in the community can be important for company morale. The plant manager may also be required to ensure the pla nt has a good reputation for respecting the environment and other local anaesthetic businesses.If he has to implement changes in physical operations or labor needs that affect local residents, having neighborhood support can be crucial. Public relations may also be a large part of a plant managers job. He often is the designated spokesperson if the media approaches him on any plant-related issues. The manager might be expected to intelligently and positively represent his plant as well as its goals and employees. If a debate ensues, he may be relied upon to persuasively argue his depict of view on issues of importance to his company.Being able to objectively view company as well as community issues significantly helps a plant manager succeed. A bachelors degree in operations management or business administration is strongly preferred for most plant manager positions. Continuing education classes and seminars on project, plant and human resources management are often required once the job is secured. Experience in production, manufacturing or assembly management is considered an asset for plant manager job applicants.

Curleys Wife of Mice and Men Essay

To begin with, in the novel Of Mice and Men, Curleys wife is a disadvantaged character who relates to the themes dreams and loneliness. She is primal in the novel because she portrays the stereotypical 1930s women in America and she is the only women in the novel. Steinbeck presents her negatively scarcely by the end of the novel the reader feels sympathetic towards her. Curleys wife is first introduced in fraction two both men glanced up, for the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off.A girl was stand there looking in. Sunshine relates to hopes, happiness and freedom, which most of the feast workers seek. Steinbeck foreshadows she will ruin this by using cut off which lay downs she will be the reason why the ranch workers dreams will be ruined, which she is. She seduces Lennie resulting in her death, which means the characters Lennie George and sweeten cannot fulfil their dream because everybody wants to kill Lennie. This shows the reader she is a troublesome charac ter.She is expound as a girl rather than a lady due to the fact she is playful and flirty deal a girl. Steinbeck shows she is looking in because she is searching for something. Attention. This also shows she is an outsider because shes not involved, just simply lonely on the outside, desperately wanting to be involved. Steinbeck describes Curleys wife as a crisp by using she had full, make up lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily make up. The phrase rouged lips shows she has intentionally made her lips bold so the other ranch workers will notice this.The colour relates to riskiness which foreshadows that she is a dangerous character because Lennie got into trouble because of a girl in weed with a wild dress and Curleys wife eventually gets Lennie killed. Red is a seductive colour and she seduces Lennie. Steinbeck uses heavily made up to show she has made an effort to be noticed which automatically makes the reader sense she is a sexually seductive character. Steinbeck shows she is out of place because a stereotypical woman on a ranch would be messy but Curleys wife tries to be perfect.It also shows she has made herself pretty to go someone. Furthermore, Steinbeck refers to her as she because she has not got a name. Steinbeck has done this to show her status in society was not grand enough in 1930s America to be called by her name. No-one knows it and no-one cares what it is either. In 1930s America, women were looked down on and did not have the same rights as men did, although they had more rights than swart people. Steinbeck uses curleys wife to show she is the property of Curley the apostrophe shows she is the possession of Curley.This makes the reader feel negative feelings towards her due to the fact she has a husband withal flirts with the other men. The next time Curleys wife is introduced is in section four she is looking for attention. They swung their heads towards the door. spirit in was Curleys wife. Steinbeck portrays the theme loneliness because once again, she is on the outside looking in. She is desperate to talk to someone. Curley is at the cathouse which gives her the chance to get out of the house because Curley makes her stay in the house all day.When she does escape from the house to find someone to talk to, her familiar excuse is shes looking for Curley. The other workers arent fooled and try avoiding her they misinterpret her loneliness for being troublesome and flirty. At this geological period the reader still feels negatively towards her. Curleys wife appears in Crooks room although candy and crooks resent her unwanted presence. This makes her feel intimidated after she is told by a black man to get out. I can get you strung up on a manoeuvre so easy it aint even funny.